Medias Influence on Children Essay - 1324 Words

The powerful media is considered a leading influence in our society both directly and indirectly. Media is available and readily accessible today more easily than ever. Printed materials, television, sound recordings, internet, and radio all fall under the umbrella of the big bad – or seemingly bad word – media. Is media bad? How is it controlled? And where does this all stem from†¦? These are some of the major concerns parents are faced with in raising children in today’s times. Although most of our media appears to be superficial and meaningless fluff, violence and chit chat, it is also a source of education, humor and non-violent entertainment. Both salesmen and individuals wishing to promote various things have at some point made†¦show more content†¦A study was conducted on 3,155 children ages 2-18, in regard to the impact of media on society. The survey was done by The Kaiser Family Foundation, and independent national healthcare philanthropy , and the results appeared alarming. Children ages 8 and above, 65% have a bedroom TV and 21% have a bedroom computer. Of all kids, in all ages in our society 69% have a computer at home and 45% with internet access. One of the many results researchers were surprised to hear that of the children ages 8 and above, 61% live in homes without any rules regarding TV and internet usage. Many researchers and educators were alarmed with the extreme results and the percentage of time children spend watching television. They believe there is a connection between too much media consumption and violence or acting out among children. (Barbour, et al, 2008) (Clark Blackwell, 2002) In the discussions regarding the influences media presents to our society two important factors must be included. On factor, called media literacy was addressed by an educator, Renee Hobbs. Hobbs is quoted saying â€Å"Just because our students can use the media and technology doesn’t mean they are effective at critically analyzing and evaluating the messages they receive.† Hobbs continues to express her ideas, by saying children need to be taught the skills to ask important questions about the media they watch, see, listen to andShow MoreRelatedMedia’s Influence on Children and Adolescents Essay examples574 Words   |  3 Pagesis â€Å"born† in it. By this statement, it is implied that children today are much closer to technology and media than adults are, and so, are more likely to be affected by it. Perhaps, the highest impact on the physical, cognitive, and social-emotional development of children and adolescents is by media due to its ready availability through Smart phones, tablet PCs and other portable devices. This paper attempts to evaluate some of the influences of media on various aspects of child and adolescent developmentRead MoreA Culture Of Perfection : Media s Influence On Adolescents1362 Words   |  6 PagesCulture of Perfection: Media’s Inf luence on Adolescents Comparison. It is one of the most dangerous and detrimental habits within our society. We fall into a routine of â€Å"self-checking† ourselves against others; mentally taking notes of what we can improve and what we are doing better. We all know that comparison often takes its’ toll on our confidence and self-worth; what we may not realize, however, is how early these destructive habits begin and why. The media’s influence is everywhere and its’Read MoreEffects of Mass Medias Ideal of Thinness1482 Words   |  6 Pagesindividuals are changing their perspectives to match that of the media’s current ideals. Concern over the media’s influence on body image has recently risen, striking the notion that many people regard the images shown throughout media as ‘real’. However, unbeknownst to them, such unbelievably thin body types are not quite attainable in reality, and therefore, individuals’ own beauty ideals and body images become unrealistic. The mass media’s ideal image of thinness has greatly impacted the overall bodyRead MoreSocial Media and Society Negatively Influence Gender Roles1376 Words   |  5 Pages Social media and society negatively influence gender roles and perpetuates stereotypical gender behavior. These influences can be found in sports, school, the arts, and the workplace. No matter what stage of life a person is in they will continue to be bombarded by the harshness of stereotypes. However, between the ages of 9 and 15 people are at their most vulnerable state because they are evaluating the people around them and are able to see how media perceives gender roles. Although, men are affectedRead MoreSkipping to Adulthood: Teenagers Today Essay779 Words   |  4 Pagesearlier than the generations before. Many teens have also been expected to make this step in life without the help of a parent or mature adult, because they are too busy with their own lives. The media has re placed parents’ jobs of teaching their children about life, and the media surrounds teens with mature themes which affect teenagers in a negative way. Many teenagers have lost a section of their lives by having to skip to adulthood where they are unprotected from many negative parts of this worldRead MoreEssay about The Media And Violence979 Words   |  4 Pages The debate regarding the medias relationship to violence in society has been a hot issue for most of the past century. From the beginning of the wide use of mass media, from films to radio to television, researchers have tried to explain any association or correlation between media effects and violence. Of particular interest and concern has been the issue of violence in the media and the impact that this has on children. Although important research efforts have increased our understanding ofRead MoreMedia s Effect On Teens986 Words   |  4 Pagesmedia. According to the Centers for disease control and prevention (CDC), the suicide rate is currently the third largest leading causes of death among teenagers, and the numbers are growing day by day. Media’s contribution to this upward trend of suicide may be debatable, but we can’t deny the influence of television commercials on teens. Through false advertisements, unrealistic standard of beauty, and social norms, Media i s fueling a national epidemic of teen suicide. Despite its downside, Mass MediaRead MoreMedia Portrayal Of The Criminal Justice System945 Words   |  4 Pagescrime and justice and in doing this, it presents an often dramatized representation of the criminal justice system; and this does not just influence on the public’s lay view of crime but also for criminal justice experts (Marsh, 2014). In the media it is commonly known that they are a business, and businesses need to make a profit. Because of this, the media’s portrayal of the criminal justice system has been very negative. With the news, their main purpose is to produce what sells. So many ofRead MoreEssay on Media Influence on American Youth848 Words   |  4 PagesMedia Influence on American Youth The United States of America has endured many massacres throughout the countries existents leaving scars in Americans hearts that will never cease to exist. One of these scars was left on Americans during a massacre in Littleton, Colorado leaving fifteen people dead including two shooters and twenty one injured. Many Americans wonder who and why anyone would do such massacres, especially on their own country. Although social media, video games, and television canRead MoreMass Media Essay1114 Words   |  5 Pagesis to provide news/information, education, and entertainment. With these purposes, comes the influence of all the information we are exposed to. Most might say that mass media has had a positive impact on society as it’s made communication and information easily accessible for everyone. However, what they’re not aware of is the negative influences it has brought to women’s body-image. Because of the media’s endless advertisements of what is consi dered â€Å"beautiful† or â€Å"perfect†, eating disorders and

Progressive Islamic Themes Free Essays

string(113) " outside the tradition Islamic realm, incorporating an inherently adaptable and inclusive format \(Husin 2012\)\." Abstract The impact of the Progressive Muslim movement has become a matter of substantial debate. This essay examines the methodology and tenants that put the Progressive movement at odds with the traditional establishment. The evidence presented in this essay illustrates the inclusive and adaptable nature of the Progressive movement which stands at odds with the conservative ranks. We will write a custom essay sample on Progressive Islamic Themes or any similar topic only for you Order Now This essay will be of value to any researcher examining the Islamic faith. 1 Introduction As the world continues to grow closer together, the Muslim faith has become a major influence around the globe. The Progressive interpretation of the Islamic religion is gaining ground as well as gathering a substantial amount of debate. This essay will assess the key methodological, theological and intellectual assumptions that the Progressive Muslims utilize as a basis for their lives. Beginning with a brief overview of the Progressive movement this essay will illustrate the currant scenario. Following this section with an examination of the evolving tenants of the approach will demonstrate how this view impacts the modern world. The combination of the first sections will create an illustration of the potential for the Progressive approach to the Muslim faith in the future. In the end, this essay will have examined past practice, modern interpretations and future potential for the Progressive movement of the Muslim faith with the stated goal of developing a better understanding of the approach. 2 Traditional and Progressive Islam There is an emerging trend in the Islamic world of an increasingly Progressive interpretation of traditional Holy aspects of the religion (Benard 2003). As the Islamic religion continues to spread, the traditional interpretation of the Qur’an has changed and increasingly brought into question. This is a departure from the strict adherence to the traditional and more conservative readings of the sacred religious passages (Ibid). As new cultures find value in Islam, their individual and unique understanding of these religious elements continues to grow, which in turn creates the Progressive, or liberal form of Islam. The modern generation has seen a division of interpretation as some factions call for Shari ’a in all facets of life, while others argue for the reinterpretation of long held passages in order to accommodate the needs of the new world (Ichwan 2013). These instances of change are characterized as movements within the larger religion as opposed to schisms (Benard 2003). Others characterize the emerging form of Progressive interpretation as entirely different sect that embodies a separate approach (Ichwan 2013). Yet, many of the elements that the tradition or conservative factions hold sacred are still revered within the evolving infrastructure. A stark difference in the form of interpretation exists between the traditional form of Islam and the Progressive method (Perez, Gue?ye and Yang 2005). The conservative tradition is typical of the literal interpretation of the religious text with heavy emphasis on the male dominated societal structure. In contrast, the Progressive Mus lim has begun to reinterpret the same passages of the Qur’an within the context of independent thought (Ibid). There emerging trend is to tie these works to the modern age rather than adhere to a political and social system that can seem unbalanced in limiting in several respects. Many scholars specify a difference in the liberal and Progressive factions within Islam (Safi 2013). The liberal form of Islam has existed for centuries, and the quest to adapt the faith to the modern times is not a new effort. However, Safi (2013) defines the key difference between the liberals and the Progressive trend as the concrete desire of the Progressive party to find a solution to societal issues that have a direct bearing on the quality of life in today’s world. A hallmark of the liberal Muslim lacks the base characteristic of fundamental transformation that the Progressive faction has been credited with (Ibid). Others contend that the Progressive branch of the Islamic faith is simply an extension of the liberal wing that has been active for generations (Perez et al 2005). The capacity to distinguish the two is only separated by dogma and the interpretation of method. The current Progressive Muslim is an advocate of a balanced and pluralistic society through a positive engagement with Islam (Safi 2013). This pillar is central as the drive to increase the perception of a sense of social justice is a cornerstone of the Muslim faith.With a vision to reach out to even the most entrenched culture, the Progressive Muslim tenants call for the recognition of religious and ethnic pluralism (Perez et al 2005). This inclusive nature is allowing the practice to be accepted in areas and cultures that have longed shunned any form of the Muslim tradition. Progressive Islam is a departure from the traditional, yet, includes many of the sacred elements favoured by the conservatives. 2.1 In Summary The traditional ranks of Islam commonly regard the reinterpretation of the Holy works as a mistake. Further, the movement to re-examine every element of the religion has sparked outrage in some instances. Yet, the increasingly inclusive nature of the Progressive Islamic traditions allows many new people to experience the faith every day. 3 Progressive Islam There are several social and political issues that the Progressive faction of Islam has sought to reconcile with the modern world (Yilmaz 2008). The sect has defined themselves as possessing humanist interests assisting the downtrodden. Safi (2013:2) describes the Progressive Muslim as being advocate for those that through no fault of their own, have found themselves in perpetual poverty, oppression, pollution and general marginalization. The Progressive Muslim sees an opportunity to open the doors to new cultures and followers by finding a solution to many of the troubling social issues of the era. The Muslim Progressive movement utilizes a very strong tradition of social justice that is at the heart of the Islam religion (Benard 2003). These traditions stem from the Qur’an and the hadith as well as several of the emerging Islamic scholars including Shari’ati (Ibid). A hallmark of these Progressive teachings is that the teacher employs sources from outside the tradition Islamic realm, incorporating an inherently adaptable and inclusive format (Husin 2012). You read "Progressive Islamic Themes" in category "Essay examples" Several of the external elements are drawn from Gustavo Gutierrez as well as humanism sources, which combine to call for ‘witnesses for God in Justice’ (Safi 2013:2). There is the perception of a shift away from the previous generations of Progressive Muslims in that there is a strong undercurrent of engagement in the movement. A central tenant of the Progressive movement is the need to reach out to those that have not traditionall y been a part of the Islamic tradition (Ma?rtensson, Bailey, Ringrose and Dyrendal 2011). Safi (2013) describes the Progressive Muslim as a person that holds the transformative interpretation of the Muslim Faith that says that every human, female or male, non-Muslim or Muslim, poor or rich has exactly the same value in the eyes of God. This is a departure from the once held view of separatism from the rest of the world that Islam once held. Further, the Progressive Muslim is expected to engage with the full range of material (Martensson et al 2011). No longer is any debate off limits or beyond the norm. This is a critical step in the drive to provide an inclusive infrastructure for the wider acceptance of the religion. Eshlkevari (2013) argues that the Progressive Muslim is marked by the need to experience the separate interpretations of Islam in order to fully understand the meanings of each unique practice. Eshlkevari (2013) illustrates the concept that the Progressive Muslim has the belief that it is time to translate the Islamic social teachings in such a manner that encompasses the needs of the modern generation. There is an emergence of a trend for the Progressive Muslim to actively reach out to their poor neighbors in an effort to provide sustenance as demonstrated by the Prophet. This argument is further cemented by the Progressive Muslim belief that the Muslim community cannot achieve true justice without recognizing that the female members of their culture have the same consideration as the male members (Eshlkevari 2013). This perception of building gender equality is a hallmark of the Progressive movement, the effort to balance and meet the needs of the entire population and not just a fraction of it. Many Progressive Muslims measure progression by the gender free implementation of justice within their society (Ibid). This effort adds to the methods capacity to attract such a wide range of adherents in the modern age. The Progressive Muslim associates women’s rights with basic human rights (Safi 2103). This is a fundamental shift away from the previous interpretations of the Islamic faith. A singular facet of the Progressive Muslim movement is the effort to seek out pluralism, inside and outside of the umma, or the Muslim religious community (M and Avilli 2003). It is the appreciation of the wider availability of knowledge and truth that allows the Progressive Muslim movement to grow beyond the traditional limitations. Further, the approach seeks to do more than simply engage with faiths and considerations not their own, there is a real need to fully experience true engagement that allows for the identification of both the similarities and the basic differences between the Muslim faith and others (Ibid). This effort to reach beyond the threshold of tolerance and enter into a true conversation that allows for growth is the criteria that the Progressive Muslim seeks to meet. Progressive Muslims are taking advantage of technology in order to not only communicate but share ideas and beliefs (Eshkevari 2013). This is direct integration of the basic tenants of the Islamic faith and the emerging opportunities of the modern era. Safi (2003) describes the basic and central tenants that connect the Progressive Muslim society together: A) A new approach to the old scriptures. There needs be a full reinterpretation of the traditional texts in an effort to fit them into modern life. B) There must an open acceptance of modern culture, including customs and common practices. The often rigid expression of the Islamic society should be reexamined in order to achieve the best result. C) The interpretation of the Holy works must be an individual experience, and not strictly regulated by those in power. D) The unique and individual sense of right and wrong must not only be developed but utilized in a day to day effort to make life better. E) Complete and unbiased gender equality must exist. This is a tenant that is necessary to fully address the social and cultural needs of the current generation. These principles have served to set the Progressive movement apart from the more traditional interpretation of the Islam tradition (Safi 2013).With each new interpretation of traditional scripture, the Progressive movement has a hallmark of inclusive, nonviolent action. 3.1 In summary The Progressive Muslim is marked by the clear preference for gender equality in all things. Indicative of this mind-set, the Progressive approach is also heralded by the inclusion of outside knowledge and wisdom into the traditionally closed debates. Further, this extension of equality reaches down into every element of Islamic life. Perhaps, the starkest shift away from the traditional Islam comes in the expectation of independent thought and evolution in the worship of God. No longer is it acceptable to simply and blindly follow a leader, the Progressive Muslim thinks and acts for themselves, in a just and open manner. 4 Future Potential Safi (2003) cites many areas of potential conflict over the course of the developing era for the Progressive Muslim movement. With the reinterpretation of the religious pillars of Islam, will be the resistance from the conservative members of the faith. Others see this as the natural evolution of Islam (Benard 2003). Many of the most prominent and influential authorities within the Muslim world speak to the need for the further development and evolution of the faith so as to address pressing common issues (Mandaville 2013).In order to fully realize the potential inherent in the Progressive Muslim movement, there must be a full acceptance of the path forward through the inclusion of all elements, genders and faiths. A primary area of concern as the Progressive movement goes forward will be the development of gender equality and the capacity to be judged without reference to gender by Islamic law (Benard 2003). Beginning by allowing women the basic human rights and ensuring that these are sustained will enable the Islamic outreach to impact a tremendous amount of females around the world. Further, this drive towards basic gender equality feeds into the Progressive components of ascribing human rights to all of humanity (M et al 2003). A critical element of the Progressive Muslim movement will rest on the capacity to not only enforce this pillar but recognize this within every culture. In many cases traditional bias and prejudice due to colour, sex or other element has driven a wedge in the effort to effectively reach out and communicate with new populations (Mandaville 2013). In line with this development of human rights, equality among the genders is the increase of rights for the women in general (Mandaville 2013). Progressive Muslims are increasingly at odds with the traditional interpretation of Islamic law in that it allows the male many privileges over the female. Further, this view holds that not only should women be allowed an active role in society, but the female should be active in politics and guiding the nations (Ibid). These are fundamental differences form the conservative Muslim that sees the women as being subject to the male in nearly every aspect. Moving from the realm of feminism into the politics, the view held by the common Progressive Muslim that religion should be separate from the faith is a stark departure from past actions and interpretations (Safi 2003). Traditional views have argued for the religious establishment having firm influence over the entire political establishment. Yet, this system can lead to the perception of c orruption and less tolerance of competing viewpoints (Benard 2003). Others see this as the surest way to safeguard the integrity of the judicial system (Mandaville 2003). In the drive to provide an inclusive setting the Islamic Progressive movement, must have the perception of honesty and integrity in all things. As these initial tenants indicate, the view of the Progressive Muslim on violence and the utilization of force to achieve goals are as a negative interpretation of Islam (Safi 2003). There is a determined effort in the developing movement to diminish not only the expectation of violence but the use of the tactic in any form. As this form of tolerance is added to their basic human rights efforts, the potential for the Progressive Muslim to not only reach out but connect with many nations continues to grow. 4.1 In summary The potential for the Progressive Muslim movement to connect to the world will continue to grow in relation to the capacity to be inclusive. With the presence of the pillars of gender equality, political Progressiveness and overall tolerance there is a real sense of movement and potential in the Islamic world. Alongside the drive to be inclusive the Progressive Muslim movement could reap equal reward as good intentions continue to build. 5 Conclusion This essay has assessed the key methodological, theological and intellectual assumptions that the Progressive Muslims utilize as a basis for their lives. The evidence presented has illustrated interesting aspects of the Progressive Muslim movement. With an overriding drive to be inclusive the emerging Islam is making a fundamental effort to reach out to populations around the world and bring them the tenants of faith. This general inclusiveness is built around a growing sense of equality of every person in every manner. The departure away from the traditional interpretations of the Holy works is leading to recognition of further value to be found in the ranks of the women around them. Accompanying the general openness of the Progressive Muslim, the departure away from the religious establishment having full control of the political establishment is building. This is a fact that serves to promote the tenant of equality, by creating a judicial system that does not recognize nor function on the premise of gender. This fundamental departure from tradition could be a turning point for many Islamic women and culture in general. With the turning away from violence and the embracing of the nonviolent, the Progressive Muslim is stepping away from the perception of fear and confrontation that has served to define Islam throughout modern memory. Much like any religion of note, Islam is in a constant state of evolution, lending the faith the depth and credibility to serve the modern age. With the growing recognition of equal value and potential regardless of gender, the Progressive Muslim movement marks a new chapter in the drive to bring the world together. In the end it will not be one movement or reinterpretation that serves to bind the world closer, but the acceptance and tolerance of each and every faith that illustrates how close we already are. 6. References Benard, C. 2003. Civil democratic Islam. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, National Security Research Division. Carrese, H. and Carrase, D. 2011. Islamic Renaissance: Liberalism and Democracy in Turkey. Eshkevari, H. Y., Mir-Hosseini, Z. and Tapper, R. 2006. Islam and democracy in Iran. London: I. B. Tauris. Gulen, F., Movement, G. and Roads, H. 2008. Beyond Post-Islamism: A Critical Analysis of the Turkish Islamism’s Transformation toward Fethullah G†ulen’s Stateless Cosmopolitan Islam. Haddad, Y. Y. 2011. Becoming American?. Waco, Tex.: Baylor University Press. Husin, A. 2013. Educating for Islamic Pluralism: Lessons from Indonesia. Islam and Civilisational Renewal (ICR), 1 (1). Ichwan, M. N. 2013. Alternatives to Shariatism: Progressive Muslim Intellectuals, Feminists, Queers and Sufis in Contemporary Aceh. Regime change, Democracy and Islam the case of Indonesia p. 137. M and Avilli, P. 2003. What does Progressive Islam look like?. ISIM Newsletter, 12 p. 34. Ma?rtensson, U., Bailey, J., Ringrose, P. and Dyrendal, A. 2011. Fundamentalism in the Modern World, Vol 1. I.B. Tauris. Perez, A. F., Gue?ye, S. P. and Yang, F. 2005. Civil society as democratic practice. Washington, D.C.: Council for Research in Values and Philosophy. Safi, O. 2003. Progressive Muslims. Oxford: Oneworld. Safi, O. 2003. What is Progressive Islam?. ISIM Newsletter, 13 p. 48. How to cite Progressive Islamic Themes, Essay examples

Progressive Islamic Themes Free Essays

string(113) " outside the tradition Islamic realm, incorporating an inherently adaptable and inclusive format \(Husin 2012\)\." Abstract The impact of the Progressive Muslim movement has become a matter of substantial debate. This essay examines the methodology and tenants that put the Progressive movement at odds with the traditional establishment. The evidence presented in this essay illustrates the inclusive and adaptable nature of the Progressive movement which stands at odds with the conservative ranks. We will write a custom essay sample on Progressive Islamic Themes or any similar topic only for you Order Now This essay will be of value to any researcher examining the Islamic faith. 1 Introduction As the world continues to grow closer together, the Muslim faith has become a major influence around the globe. The Progressive interpretation of the Islamic religion is gaining ground as well as gathering a substantial amount of debate. This essay will assess the key methodological, theological and intellectual assumptions that the Progressive Muslims utilize as a basis for their lives. Beginning with a brief overview of the Progressive movement this essay will illustrate the currant scenario. Following this section with an examination of the evolving tenants of the approach will demonstrate how this view impacts the modern world. The combination of the first sections will create an illustration of the potential for the Progressive approach to the Muslim faith in the future. In the end, this essay will have examined past practice, modern interpretations and future potential for the Progressive movement of the Muslim faith with the stated goal of developing a better understanding of the approach. 2 Traditional and Progressive Islam There is an emerging trend in the Islamic world of an increasingly Progressive interpretation of traditional Holy aspects of the religion (Benard 2003). As the Islamic religion continues to spread, the traditional interpretation of the Qur’an has changed and increasingly brought into question. This is a departure from the strict adherence to the traditional and more conservative readings of the sacred religious passages (Ibid). As new cultures find value in Islam, their individual and unique understanding of these religious elements continues to grow, which in turn creates the Progressive, or liberal form of Islam. The modern generation has seen a division of interpretation as some factions call for Shari ’a in all facets of life, while others argue for the reinterpretation of long held passages in order to accommodate the needs of the new world (Ichwan 2013). These instances of change are characterized as movements within the larger religion as opposed to schisms (Benard 2003). Others characterize the emerging form of Progressive interpretation as entirely different sect that embodies a separate approach (Ichwan 2013). Yet, many of the elements that the tradition or conservative factions hold sacred are still revered within the evolving infrastructure. A stark difference in the form of interpretation exists between the traditional form of Islam and the Progressive method (Perez, Gue?ye and Yang 2005). The conservative tradition is typical of the literal interpretation of the religious text with heavy emphasis on the male dominated societal structure. In contrast, the Progressive Mus lim has begun to reinterpret the same passages of the Qur’an within the context of independent thought (Ibid). There emerging trend is to tie these works to the modern age rather than adhere to a political and social system that can seem unbalanced in limiting in several respects. Many scholars specify a difference in the liberal and Progressive factions within Islam (Safi 2013). The liberal form of Islam has existed for centuries, and the quest to adapt the faith to the modern times is not a new effort. However, Safi (2013) defines the key difference between the liberals and the Progressive trend as the concrete desire of the Progressive party to find a solution to societal issues that have a direct bearing on the quality of life in today’s world. A hallmark of the liberal Muslim lacks the base characteristic of fundamental transformation that the Progressive faction has been credited with (Ibid). Others contend that the Progressive branch of the Islamic faith is simply an extension of the liberal wing that has been active for generations (Perez et al 2005). The capacity to distinguish the two is only separated by dogma and the interpretation of method. The current Progressive Muslim is an advocate of a balanced and pluralistic society through a positive engagement with Islam (Safi 2013). This pillar is central as the drive to increase the perception of a sense of social justice is a cornerstone of the Muslim faith.With a vision to reach out to even the most entrenched culture, the Progressive Muslim tenants call for the recognition of religious and ethnic pluralism (Perez et al 2005). This inclusive nature is allowing the practice to be accepted in areas and cultures that have longed shunned any form of the Muslim tradition. Progressive Islam is a departure from the traditional, yet, includes many of the sacred elements favoured by the conservatives. 2.1 In Summary The traditional ranks of Islam commonly regard the reinterpretation of the Holy works as a mistake. Further, the movement to re-examine every element of the religion has sparked outrage in some instances. Yet, the increasingly inclusive nature of the Progressive Islamic traditions allows many new people to experience the faith every day. 3 Progressive Islam There are several social and political issues that the Progressive faction of Islam has sought to reconcile with the modern world (Yilmaz 2008). The sect has defined themselves as possessing humanist interests assisting the downtrodden. Safi (2013:2) describes the Progressive Muslim as being advocate for those that through no fault of their own, have found themselves in perpetual poverty, oppression, pollution and general marginalization. The Progressive Muslim sees an opportunity to open the doors to new cultures and followers by finding a solution to many of the troubling social issues of the era. The Muslim Progressive movement utilizes a very strong tradition of social justice that is at the heart of the Islam religion (Benard 2003). These traditions stem from the Qur’an and the hadith as well as several of the emerging Islamic scholars including Shari’ati (Ibid). A hallmark of these Progressive teachings is that the teacher employs sources from outside the tradition Islamic realm, incorporating an inherently adaptable and inclusive format (Husin 2012). You read "Progressive Islamic Themes" in category "Essay examples" Several of the external elements are drawn from Gustavo Gutierrez as well as humanism sources, which combine to call for ‘witnesses for God in Justice’ (Safi 2013:2). There is the perception of a shift away from the previous generations of Progressive Muslims in that there is a strong undercurrent of engagement in the movement. A central tenant of the Progressive movement is the need to reach out to those that have not traditionall y been a part of the Islamic tradition (Ma?rtensson, Bailey, Ringrose and Dyrendal 2011). Safi (2013) describes the Progressive Muslim as a person that holds the transformative interpretation of the Muslim Faith that says that every human, female or male, non-Muslim or Muslim, poor or rich has exactly the same value in the eyes of God. This is a departure from the once held view of separatism from the rest of the world that Islam once held. Further, the Progressive Muslim is expected to engage with the full range of material (Martensson et al 2011). No longer is any debate off limits or beyond the norm. This is a critical step in the drive to provide an inclusive infrastructure for the wider acceptance of the religion. Eshlkevari (2013) argues that the Progressive Muslim is marked by the need to experience the separate interpretations of Islam in order to fully understand the meanings of each unique practice. Eshlkevari (2013) illustrates the concept that the Progressive Muslim has the belief that it is time to translate the Islamic social teachings in such a manner that encompasses the needs of the modern generation. There is an emergence of a trend for the Progressive Muslim to actively reach out to their poor neighbors in an effort to provide sustenance as demonstrated by the Prophet. This argument is further cemented by the Progressive Muslim belief that the Muslim community cannot achieve true justice without recognizing that the female members of their culture have the same consideration as the male members (Eshlkevari 2013). This perception of building gender equality is a hallmark of the Progressive movement, the effort to balance and meet the needs of the entire population and not just a fraction of it. Many Progressive Muslims measure progression by the gender free implementation of justice within their society (Ibid). This effort adds to the methods capacity to attract such a wide range of adherents in the modern age. The Progressive Muslim associates women’s rights with basic human rights (Safi 2103). This is a fundamental shift away from the previous interpretations of the Islamic faith. A singular facet of the Progressive Muslim movement is the effort to seek out pluralism, inside and outside of the umma, or the Muslim religious community (M and Avilli 2003). It is the appreciation of the wider availability of knowledge and truth that allows the Progressive Muslim movement to grow beyond the traditional limitations. Further, the approach seeks to do more than simply engage with faiths and considerations not their own, there is a real need to fully experience true engagement that allows for the identification of both the similarities and the basic differences between the Muslim faith and others (Ibid). This effort to reach beyond the threshold of tolerance and enter into a true conversation that allows for growth is the criteria that the Progressive Muslim seeks to meet. Progressive Muslims are taking advantage of technology in order to not only communicate but share ideas and beliefs (Eshkevari 2013). This is direct integration of the basic tenants of the Islamic faith and the emerging opportunities of the modern era. Safi (2003) describes the basic and central tenants that connect the Progressive Muslim society together: A) A new approach to the old scriptures. There needs be a full reinterpretation of the traditional texts in an effort to fit them into modern life. B) There must an open acceptance of modern culture, including customs and common practices. The often rigid expression of the Islamic society should be reexamined in order to achieve the best result. C) The interpretation of the Holy works must be an individual experience, and not strictly regulated by those in power. D) The unique and individual sense of right and wrong must not only be developed but utilized in a day to day effort to make life better. E) Complete and unbiased gender equality must exist. This is a tenant that is necessary to fully address the social and cultural needs of the current generation. These principles have served to set the Progressive movement apart from the more traditional interpretation of the Islam tradition (Safi 2013).With each new interpretation of traditional scripture, the Progressive movement has a hallmark of inclusive, nonviolent action. 3.1 In summary The Progressive Muslim is marked by the clear preference for gender equality in all things. Indicative of this mind-set, the Progressive approach is also heralded by the inclusion of outside knowledge and wisdom into the traditionally closed debates. Further, this extension of equality reaches down into every element of Islamic life. Perhaps, the starkest shift away from the traditional Islam comes in the expectation of independent thought and evolution in the worship of God. No longer is it acceptable to simply and blindly follow a leader, the Progressive Muslim thinks and acts for themselves, in a just and open manner. 4 Future Potential Safi (2003) cites many areas of potential conflict over the course of the developing era for the Progressive Muslim movement. With the reinterpretation of the religious pillars of Islam, will be the resistance from the conservative members of the faith. Others see this as the natural evolution of Islam (Benard 2003). Many of the most prominent and influential authorities within the Muslim world speak to the need for the further development and evolution of the faith so as to address pressing common issues (Mandaville 2013).In order to fully realize the potential inherent in the Progressive Muslim movement, there must be a full acceptance of the path forward through the inclusion of all elements, genders and faiths. A primary area of concern as the Progressive movement goes forward will be the development of gender equality and the capacity to be judged without reference to gender by Islamic law (Benard 2003). Beginning by allowing women the basic human rights and ensuring that these are sustained will enable the Islamic outreach to impact a tremendous amount of females around the world. Further, this drive towards basic gender equality feeds into the Progressive components of ascribing human rights to all of humanity (M et al 2003). A critical element of the Progressive Muslim movement will rest on the capacity to not only enforce this pillar but recognize this within every culture. In many cases traditional bias and prejudice due to colour, sex or other element has driven a wedge in the effort to effectively reach out and communicate with new populations (Mandaville 2013). In line with this development of human rights, equality among the genders is the increase of rights for the women in general (Mandaville 2013). Progressive Muslims are increasingly at odds with the traditional interpretation of Islamic law in that it allows the male many privileges over the female. Further, this view holds that not only should women be allowed an active role in society, but the female should be active in politics and guiding the nations (Ibid). These are fundamental differences form the conservative Muslim that sees the women as being subject to the male in nearly every aspect. Moving from the realm of feminism into the politics, the view held by the common Progressive Muslim that religion should be separate from the faith is a stark departure from past actions and interpretations (Safi 2003). Traditional views have argued for the religious establishment having firm influence over the entire political establishment. Yet, this system can lead to the perception of c orruption and less tolerance of competing viewpoints (Benard 2003). Others see this as the surest way to safeguard the integrity of the judicial system (Mandaville 2003). In the drive to provide an inclusive setting the Islamic Progressive movement, must have the perception of honesty and integrity in all things. As these initial tenants indicate, the view of the Progressive Muslim on violence and the utilization of force to achieve goals are as a negative interpretation of Islam (Safi 2003). There is a determined effort in the developing movement to diminish not only the expectation of violence but the use of the tactic in any form. As this form of tolerance is added to their basic human rights efforts, the potential for the Progressive Muslim to not only reach out but connect with many nations continues to grow. 4.1 In summary The potential for the Progressive Muslim movement to connect to the world will continue to grow in relation to the capacity to be inclusive. With the presence of the pillars of gender equality, political Progressiveness and overall tolerance there is a real sense of movement and potential in the Islamic world. Alongside the drive to be inclusive the Progressive Muslim movement could reap equal reward as good intentions continue to build. 5 Conclusion This essay has assessed the key methodological, theological and intellectual assumptions that the Progressive Muslims utilize as a basis for their lives. The evidence presented has illustrated interesting aspects of the Progressive Muslim movement. With an overriding drive to be inclusive the emerging Islam is making a fundamental effort to reach out to populations around the world and bring them the tenants of faith. This general inclusiveness is built around a growing sense of equality of every person in every manner. The departure away from the traditional interpretations of the Holy works is leading to recognition of further value to be found in the ranks of the women around them. Accompanying the general openness of the Progressive Muslim, the departure away from the religious establishment having full control of the political establishment is building. This is a fact that serves to promote the tenant of equality, by creating a judicial system that does not recognize nor function on the premise of gender. This fundamental departure from tradition could be a turning point for many Islamic women and culture in general. With the turning away from violence and the embracing of the nonviolent, the Progressive Muslim is stepping away from the perception of fear and confrontation that has served to define Islam throughout modern memory. Much like any religion of note, Islam is in a constant state of evolution, lending the faith the depth and credibility to serve the modern age. With the growing recognition of equal value and potential regardless of gender, the Progressive Muslim movement marks a new chapter in the drive to bring the world together. In the end it will not be one movement or reinterpretation that serves to bind the world closer, but the acceptance and tolerance of each and every faith that illustrates how close we already are. 6. References Benard, C. 2003. Civil democratic Islam. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, National Security Research Division. Carrese, H. and Carrase, D. 2011. Islamic Renaissance: Liberalism and Democracy in Turkey. Eshkevari, H. Y., Mir-Hosseini, Z. and Tapper, R. 2006. Islam and democracy in Iran. London: I. B. Tauris. Gulen, F., Movement, G. and Roads, H. 2008. Beyond Post-Islamism: A Critical Analysis of the Turkish Islamism’s Transformation toward Fethullah G†ulen’s Stateless Cosmopolitan Islam. Haddad, Y. Y. 2011. Becoming American?. Waco, Tex.: Baylor University Press. Husin, A. 2013. Educating for Islamic Pluralism: Lessons from Indonesia. Islam and Civilisational Renewal (ICR), 1 (1). Ichwan, M. N. 2013. Alternatives to Shariatism: Progressive Muslim Intellectuals, Feminists, Queers and Sufis in Contemporary Aceh. Regime change, Democracy and Islam the case of Indonesia p. 137. M and Avilli, P. 2003. What does Progressive Islam look like?. ISIM Newsletter, 12 p. 34. Ma?rtensson, U., Bailey, J., Ringrose, P. and Dyrendal, A. 2011. Fundamentalism in the Modern World, Vol 1. I.B. Tauris. Perez, A. F., Gue?ye, S. P. and Yang, F. 2005. Civil society as democratic practice. Washington, D.C.: Council for Research in Values and Philosophy. Safi, O. 2003. Progressive Muslims. Oxford: Oneworld. Safi, O. 2003. What is Progressive Islam?. ISIM Newsletter, 13 p. 48. How to cite Progressive Islamic Themes, Essay examples

Impact of Ethical Values on Any Organisation

Question: Explain the impact of ethical values on any organisation and then discuss the consequences if any organisation cannot follow it then the complications the company has to face is the main concern of this study. Answer: Introduction Managerial Ethics refers to the process, which enables the organisational heads to understand what is right for the organisation and what is wrong to incorporate within it. Every company has a particular ethical principle that is followed by the organisation to drive their organisation in a smooth way. However, as stated by Dent and Whitehead, (2013), sometimes the organisations does not follow their ethical principles or intentionally disobey those values to get a higher growth and profit in the organisation that leads the company to face great failure or dilemma within it. In this study, the researcher has found out two ethical dilemmas, which were faced by the well-known technology company Apple Inc. In 2011, the company has experienced a severe employee abuse to gain a higher profit and organisational growth. Apart from this, the company has also faced a huge problem with the workers in China that led the company into a great controversy regarding the organisational ethical values. According to Frederickson and Ghere, (2013), Apple has faced this type of ethical dilemma many more time from their emergence in the market. The researcher has explained those ethical dilemmas in this study to evaluate the theories of managerial ethics in organisations and then discussed the role of the leaders in the organisation to improve their position in business. Discussion Apple Inc is one of the most popular technological companies in the world that produce various mobile phones as well as technological products that attract the customer with the innovative features and attractive designs. It mainly produces the electronic elements, computer software, hardware etc. The company was founded in the year of 1976 with the innovative view of Steve Jobs who has founded and developed the company to its peak level. It is mainly a US based company and spread its business all over the world very fast. In present time, the company has almost 478 stores in different areas of 17 countries with more than 115,000 employees (Hill, Jones Schilling, 2014). The company has gained the success with the tremendous level of good leadership by Steve Jobs and the highly skilled employees as their corporate culture that led them to achieve the success. According to Giacalone and Rosenfeld, (2013), the practice of evangelism in the corporate culture of Apple has promoted the co mpany before the customers and the unique work culture of the organisation. The dedicated and enthusiastic employees who were very efficient in working in the company have proved their ability with the expansion. The company has also practiced a particular ethics for employees that all have to follow. The main ethical concern of the company is to provide the same thing that they had promised before (Schaubroeck et al. 2012). This concern has led them to gain the customers trust on the products of the company. Apart from this, the company possess the creativity and innovativeness in the products that enables the company to attract the customers easily. The main motive of the company is to produce the products with advanced creativity. They practices main four principles within the organisation, such as, honesty, respect, confidentiality and compliance (Myers, 2013). According to Goetsch and Davis, (2014), if the company does not follow the principles therefore they have to face probl ems in their growth. Honesty and respect is very essential for the company, as they believe that without honesty no work can be done properly. If the employees remain honest in their working time, then the production will be increase and the productivity of the company will too increase automatically. They manufactured their products with very low labour cost that the cost of the manufactured products becomes very cheap that is affordable for customers. Nevertheless, this system has forced them to face the misconduct due to labour standards. Being practiced the ethical principles of honesty, respect, confidentiality and compliances the company has experienced some ethical issues within recent few years. Apple Inc has faced a severe accusation regarding dealing with the employees in 2011 that has created a great side effect on their business (Chan, Ma Wong, 2013). The main issue was regarding the employee abuse that they created in the greed of achieving a high growth and profit in business. As per the report, the company was accused that they were treating their employees in many areas very inhumanly, almost like machines. In that year, the company has implemented the strategy to hire employees to earn more profit and to increase their cost too. This was happening in the two factories of China that were faced severe employee abuse by the company. The plants in Chengdu and Shenzhen, this was reported more complaints about this. The truth was more pathetic when it is investigated properly (Hao, 2014). The company has unet hically hired the employees in those plants and after that; they did not able to give the proper working environment according to the employees. The company has kept the employees in a very inhumane condition that was against the ethics of the company. After investigation, the real picture was exposed that the employees were kept in the place where the working environment was not suitable to work neither in the working premises nor outside the work area. According to the ethics of the company it was allowed to force an employee to work around 40 hours in a week but Apple Inc was enforcing the employees in these plants to work more than 40 hours (Bai Morris, 2014). It was not ethically correct and for this the employees had to work forcefully to produce the Apple products that are very popular and was in demand that time due to the innovative and creativity if the products. Therefore, many employees had committed suicide for the excessive workload and the company has to face all the troubles during this. According to Lynn and Salzman, (2015), the Chinese law support one employee to work up to 36 hours per day as overtime but the company was compelling to work the employees almost 98 hours. It was almost three times more than the law and completely against the ethics of the company. Therefore, the decision of the company was proven wrong for this time and they had to face various problems regarding this decision of hiring so many employees at a time. The company has met another ethical issue in the next year of the employee abuse issue. In this time, the problem was again in the China and the issue was regarding the ethics about employees. The complaint was that the company was nit following the ethical values regarding the welfare of the employees (Haley, Haley Tan, 2012). This time the business chains in China had identified that, the company was using child labour in manufacturing iPhones, iPads etc. This was really a fact of concern that the company has created an ethical curse. As per the report, the company has used the employees in the supply chains of China to work overtime the rule. They reported that the company was forcing the employees to work almost 60 hours per week whether as per the rule they have not the rule to work more than 40 hours in a week. Apart from this, the main ethical disorder that the company had made was to appoint child labours in their factories (Hao, 2014). This has created a great concern among the people or the customers that they were engaging the children in their factories for work. Apple has used the employees to work more and more except their working hours and their working ability deteriorated. According to Parks, (2013), as Nike has faced huge criticism in the year of 1990 due to their wrong decision in developing sweatshops in Asia, likewise Apple has faced the same situation in this case. The main issue was regarding the competitive advantage that the company has gaining for their innovative products, which were manufactured from the Chinese supply chains but the company was giving very less share of the profit to the supply chain level companies. Therefore, they protested against the companys ethical decisions of involving the children as labour and for forcing the workers to work excessively overtime. There are many theories that are developed by various experts to show the way of managing an organisation. If any organisation does not possess a good management body then the company cannot reach the success that they want to (Robbins et al. 2013). Therefore, every company needs to follow a particular managerial skill to know the policies of leading the organisation to meet their organisational goals and objectives. According to Chan, Ma and Wong, (2013), as every organisation follows a particular ethical principle therefore they have to follow some theoretical views on this aspect. In this context, the theory of managerial ethics of Archie Carroll can be followed by the organisations. According to the theory of Carroll, it is a theory based on the social responsibility. As stated by Xu and Li, (2013), the theory refers to the management of the organisation that helps the management authority to manage the internal economical, legal, ethical, and philanthropic aspect of a company. I n this theory, the management have to take the responsibilities of the economic aspect upon which the whole organisation depends. If the management does not possess the responsibilities of producing goods and services that will be supportive to the society and the customers then the creditors and the stakeholders can repay it, which the management of Apple has not used in their organisation. Therefore, it led to the ethical dilemma in the decision-making. The main step of any management is to create the profit level upon which the future of any organisation depends. As opined by Cullen and Parboteeah, (2013), the economical responsibility of any management is very essential that it maximises the profit level of any organisation as well as the earning. In the present time, the competition is so high that every organisation needs to maintain their competitive efficiency to retain in the market. The definition of success is now depend on the profitability of any firm therefore, the man agement have to look after on this aspect more consciously that the organisation can gain as much as profit. According to the theory of Carroll, it is equally important to follow the rules in any organisations. The management have to follow the rules and regulations of the government and laws that Apple has not followed. Therefore, the management of any organisation should consult the various national regulations along with the supra-national or international regulations to comply. Apart from this, the most important thing is to follow the ethical values in an organisation that will teach the employees to do the right things in right way without doing any harm to anyone. Finally, the most important part of any corporate is to become a good corporate citizen. The Management have to concern about improvement of the organisational sales and profit to gain the trust of the customers. If Apple has implemented this theory in their organisation then the organisation will not focus only on the profit of the company but also the focus will diverted towards the ethical values as well as the social responsibilities, corporate citizenship and sustainability of the organisation. It will affect the environment and the life of normal people very positively that will be helpful for the company too. There is another managerial theory, Stakeholder Approach Theory that can also be applicable in these cases to manage the organisation effortlessly. The Freemans theory of ethical managerial helps the organisation to develop the idea about managing the organisation in way that will reflects on the organisational profit level and the relation between the external and internal entities of an organisation (Weiss, 2014). According to the theory of Freeman, every management should follow the responsibility of their own. Freeman has argued against the concept of social responsibility rather he suggested that the responsibility should reflected in the organisational behaviour according to the need of the business. As per the theory, the true business manager should be that person who can take the responsibility in a way that he can cut the costs of the products if required in an inflation situation and in between the relation with the stakeholders should be kept in priority order. Normally t he management of any organisation always try to implement the laws and regulations that will lead the company to meet the objectives as well as the organisational goals but in this time, they forget to think about their stakeholders. This theory makes understand the business owners to concentrate on the relationship making with the stakeholders, as they are the essential part of the organisation. However, sometimes the management need to focus on the market situation that requires some risky steps to handle the organisational profitability. Therefore, the theory refers to only one responsibility of the society on business growth, which the management have to incorporate, is the resources that Apple has failed to apply in their company. The management have to use those resources in their business to gain the profits. Apart from this, the management has to follow the rules and regulations of the company without involving in any kind of deception or fraud cases (Ciulla, 2014). In Apple , if the management has used the theory then the management have to take the responsibility to support the organisation in every situation. The company has applied some tricks to increase the profitability of their business but the tricks were proven wrong in their cases. On the other hand, they could not develop the proper relation with the stakeholders to get the support in their problem situation. The applications were completely not according to the theory as the theory has involved the rules and regulations to implement them in their organization, which Apple has not followed. Therefore, they have to face the issues regarding the legal rights in the supply chains of China. The role of leaders is mainly in leading the workforce in a particular way that the company too can gain the profit. One of the important roles that the leaders play in an organisation is to communicate with the workforce to understanding the consequences of different decisions (Kuntz et al. 2013). This will enable the leaders to understand the requirements and the fruitfulness of the strategy if implemented. If the leaders discuss with the workers in the organisation then the organisation will be benefitted with the strategy. Apart from this, the leaders can implement effective negotiation strategies to reduce conflict among workforce. If the leaders of any company use this as their strategy then the decisions will never unethical. The company will also be benefitted with this type of leadership. In Apple, they also can use this type of leadership to gain the actual profit, which will be more ethical and free of conflicts. Conclusion In this study, the researcher has observed that the ethical values are very essential for any organisation to follow. The researcher has explained the impact of ethical values on any organisation; and then discussed the consequences if any organisation cannot follow it then the complications the company has to face is the main concern of this study. The researcher has described the ethical issues related to Apple Inc that had created a lot of controversy regarding their unethical decisions. The main issues that Apple Inc have faced in 2011 and 2012 mainly in China regarding the unethical workload upon employees, which has led some employees to serious damage physically and mentally. This discussion has helped the researcher to find out two theories related to managerial ethics that can be implemented in the organisations to maintain the ethical issues. The researcher has also explored some leadership strategies for these organisations to avoid unethical decisions by involving the wor kforce in the decision-making. Reference List Bai, X., Morris, N. (2014). Leadership and virtue ethics: A Daoist approach.Public Integrity,16(2), 173-186. Chan, R. Y., Ma, K. H., Wong, Y. H. (2013). The Software Piracy Decision-Making Process of Chinese Computer Users.The Information Society,29(4), 203-218. Ciulla, J. B. (Ed.). (2014).Ethics, the heart of leadership. ABC-CLIO. Cullen, J., Parboteeah, K. P. (2013).Multinational management. Cengage Learning. Dent, M., Whitehead, S. (Eds.). (2013).Managing professional identities: Knowledge, performativities and the'new'professional(Vol. 19). Routledge. Frederickson, H. G., Ghere, R. K. (2013).Ethics in public management. ME Sharpe. Giacalone, R. A., Rosenfeld, P. (2013).Impression management in the organization. Psychology Press. Goetsch, D. L., Davis, S. B. (2014).Quality management for organizational excellence. pearson. Haley, G. T., Haley, U. C., Tan, C. (2012).New Asian emperors: The business strategies of the overseas Chinese. John Wiley Sons. Hao, Z. (2014). The Role of Intellectuals in Contemporary Chinas Labor Movement: A Preliminary Exploration. InSocial Issues in China(pp. 239-253). Springer New York. Hill, C., Jones, G., Schilling, M. (2014).Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Kuntz, J. R. C., Kuntz, J. R., Elenkov, D., Nabirukhina, A. (2013). Characterizing ethical cases: A cross-cultural investigation of individual differences, organisational climate, and leadership on ethical decision-making.Journal of Business Ethics,113(2), 317-331. Lynn, L., Salzman, H. (2015). Engineers, Firms and Nations: Ethical Dilemmas in the New Global Environment. InEngineering Ethics for a Globalized World(pp. 15-33). Springer International Publishing. Myers, M. . (2013).Qualitative research in business and management. Sage. Parks, H. C. (2013).Recognizing a Shift Toward Continued Secondary Orality: The iPhones Contribution to the Development of Human Communication(Doctoral dissertation, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo). Robbins, S., Judge, T. A., Millett, B., Boyle, M. (2013).Organisational behaviour. Pearson Higher Education AU. Schaubroeck, J. M., Hannah, S. T., Avolio, B. J., Kozlowski, S. W., Lord, R. G., Trevio, L. K., ... Peng, A. C. (2012). Embedding ethical leadership within and across organization levels.Academy of Management Journal,55(5), 1053-1078. Weiss, J. W. (2014).Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Xu, K., Li, W. (2013). An ethical stakeholder approach to crisis communication: A case study of Foxconns 2010 employee suicide crisis.Journal of business ethics,117(2), 371-386.

Hurricane Mitch hit Central America at the end of Essay Example For Students

Hurricane Mitch hit Central America at the end of Essay October 1998 killing 10,000 people and throwing the lives of another two and a half million into turmoil. Honduras one of the poorest countries in the western hemisphere took the worst of the storm and now faces years of dependence on international aid just as it was beginning to find its economic feet.(megastories.com). Hurricane Mitch grew to become the Atlantic basins fourth strongest hurricane ever with sustained winds of 180 mph September 26 into early September 27, 1998. It was the strongest storm in the western Caribbean since Hurricane Gilbert in 1988. Mitch stalled off the coast of Honduras from late on Oct. 27 until the evening of Oct. 29 before moving slowly inland. As the storms winds weakened it continued dumping heavy rain on Central America, causing floods and mud slides that had been blamed for at least 10,000 deaths by Nov. 2. On Nov. 3, Mitchs ghostly remains entered the southern Gulf of Mexico and warm waters rejuvenated the system into a tropical storm. Mitch then barreled through southern Florida early Nov. 5 before finally becoming extra tropical at 4 p.m. EST, Nov. 5(USAToday.com). In the end of the month of October of 1998, Hurricane Mitch tore through Central America. Honduras took the hardest hit. Many things have been tried for raising money, but the most effective of those is charity. Surely, the Honduran Government will receive aid from the international agencies and such, but the charity will have to raise the most of the money. Some say that even with all of the agencies in the world helping to raise money for the Hondurans, it will take four years to raise enough to put them back in the state they were in before this tragic storm ripped through their country. Aid agencies are a familiar sight in Honduras but they are not always welcome. For over two decades, teams of outsiders have been pouring into one of the poorest countries in the region to offer a helping hand to more than half the country living in poverty and without access to fresh water. The problem is, sometimes, they do more harm than good. Teams have moved into villages in the past like tourists on a day trip, bringing money and hope to local people and walking out when things dont go to plan. Kristina Stevens, a former U. S. peace corps worker, finished building a clean water system in the small western coffee town of Santa Maria just six weeks before Hurricane Mitch. She found a trail of destruction left by aid efforts before her: Which comes first, the poverty or the disasters and wouldnt it be easier and even cost less to set people up with what they need rather than wait to patch up the pieces when thousands of lives have been torn to shreds? Truly, who can believe something such as this statement. If the country had been prepared for such an attack then the country would be in an even greater debt than they are as is. Then we would have to raise enough money to bring them back up to a level that we are at because that is what they would be used to by then. No , if a country is going to be attacked by a hurricane, it is better for them to have a storm shelter system so that they can hide from it. How well the homes of the people is not the issue. The issue is how many people will die because of poor education in emergency survival. The people of Honduras will be brought back up with the help of other countries. It will take time though, all that we can do about that is to give money for these agencies to help the Honduran population to bounce back up and build better and stronger. This is not a wall it is just a large stepping stone. .

The long history of puppetry Essay Example

The long history of puppetry Paper Prehistoric miniature stone figures have been excavated in many places. We can only guess what they may have been used for. Scholars try to attach cultural or mystical significance to these finds. Storytelling and play acting with dolls are invented spontaneously by children the world over. The making of miniature figures is basic to human nature. It is a fair guess that the main use is simply entertainment. In the fifth century BC Herodotus writes about ancient figures operated by strings. Xenophon of Athens refers to a travelling Greek showman putting on a puppet show. These men did not discover something new, they were just early-published writers, and they wrote about what was happening. A 12th century woodcut shows two youngsters playing with figures of armed knights on strings. In a 14th century illuminated manuscript we see three girls watching a puppet show. It looks a lot like Punch and Judy. Theatrical scripts have often made fun of authority and the injustices of life. In societies where the authorities had more power than we nowadays give them they often reacted angrily to deserved ridicule. The Commedia dellarte was an improvised popular comedy in Italian theatres of the 16th to 18th century. It was frequently banned and was often performed on the streets. The characters Harlequin, Columbine and Pulcinella originated here. Italian performers exported their art throughout Europe and further afield. In the French language Pulcinella became Polichinelle, in Russian Petroushka, and in English Punch. They also invented the slapstick, a stick that has two small paddles at the end of it or is divided at one or both ends to make a noise when it hits anything. We will write a custom essay sample on The long history of puppetry specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The long history of puppetry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The long history of puppetry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This is where we get the term slapstick comedy. Polichinelle was playing in France by 1630. Samuel Pepys was a civil servant who kept a diary. He wrote it for himself in his own private code but it was published after his death. It gives a fascinating personal view of 17th century England. In 1662 this diary records the first English mention of open-air puppet performances. Pepys writes that he watched the puppets a few times, once he stopped for a show in Hyde Park and it made him late for an appointment with the king. First known as Punch and Joan, the puppets became a popular diversion on beaches and in parks. The performers were often itinerants and were often mentioned in literature. As readers of Dickens the Old Curiosity Shop will know they were sometimes of not too respectable personality. Henry Fielding wrote his brilliantly satirical novel Tom Jones in the 18th century. There were concerns about violence in puppetry then as now. Tom Jones meets a travelling Punch and Judy man who claims to have cleaned up his show and made it into a moral and refined spectacle. The entertainer enjoys a couple of mugs of beer with the patrons of a wayside tavern and then physically assaults his assistant. Fielding has his hero comment that he much preferred the show in its old form. George Cruikshank, who made a name for himself by illustrating the writings of Charles Dickens was involved in the production of a book that preserved a street performance of a Punch and Judy show. Cruikshank and publisher John Payne Collier hired an Italian performer, Signor Piccini, to put on a private show in the Kings Arms, a tavern in Drury Lane, London. The show was stopped frequently so that Cruikshank could make drawings and Collier could record the dialogue. Both of these illustrations are by Cruikshank. Piccini may or may not have been an Italian. Then, as now, entertainers sometimes invented exotic names and backgrounds for themselves. He was a great puppeteer. He could have one of his puppets take off his hat with one hand, throw it to the other hand, and put it back on his head. Punch and Judy proliferated in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Shows were seen everywhere and some of the performers became prosperous.

Middle eastern music final question examples Essay Example

Middle eastern music final question examples Essay Example Middle eastern music final question examples Paper Middle eastern music final question examples Paper Essay Topic: Poetry The Egyptians and the Arab audiences in general felt connected to Kulthum because they heard their own stories in her songs and she represented and supported the Arab world through her performances One learns that her old fashioned ways included a preference to be interviewed without the means of recording t/f true Kulthum insisted that her band musicians had to learn new songs aurally she was against the use of music scores t/f true Kulthums roots were within the egyptian countryside; she was from a poor religious family She began her singing career as a child, along her fathers side, singing at religious celebrations (mulids) When she moved to Cairo in the 1920s, the city was thriving and cosmopolitan, but under British rule The technology that mostly promoted her career was radio Kulthum supported the 1952 revolution and Nasser. True or False? True Kulthum supported King Farouk and the British. True or False? False Kulthum financially supported the Egyptian government in the 1960s. True or False? True The Egyptians compared Kulthum with pyramids Kulthums stage presence: Which TWO of the following statements are true? 1. She encouraged people to dance along with her on the stage. 2. She used to hold a handkerchief as her personal trademark. 3. She looked very formal. 2 and 3 Some of the interviewees seemed eager to sing their personal Kulthum favorite song in front of the camera Kulthum was praised for her strong sense of nationalism. true Kulthums improvisational / embellishment skills are associated with: the concept and manifestation of tarab Which of the following is not a characteristic of classical music genres (consider both western and Arab classical music genres)? old, historical, large ensembles, formal context (all of the above) During the late 19th century, this music was performed in all but one of the following venues: Village/Rural weddings One of the following musical instruments is not included in the core takht ensemble: tabla The nay has a characteristic _______________ timbre. breathy The only zither chordophone in the takht ensemble is the: qanun One of the following musical genres is not part of the wasla form: shabi The highly expressive Layali (featured in track 14) is an improvisatory genre. true Track 14 is non-metrical. true Track 12 uses the __________ iqa. samai The iqa in the taqtuqa Il bahr nayim is played by the: riqq Which of the following is not an example of the expressions shouted out by the audience when experiencing tarab (refer to What makes Arab music unique on the content tab)? oh my eye what did we do to you to do this? are you trying to make us die today? (all of them) Is Music Haram? Which one of the following is true? the issue is contentious In an effort to address the issue of permissibility of music, Islamic scholars primarily look into: the quran and the hadith One of the following types of music has suffered much less from censorship that the rest: chanted poetry The following aspect is taken in consideration when examining the permissibility of a piece of music: context and content of lyrics In Turkey under Kemal Ataturk (see the related video Be Happy, its an Order on the content tab), the villagers were forced to listen to: western classical music Sufis (followers of Sufism, which is the mystical branch of Islam): embrace music as part of their rituals According to the hadith reviewed in the textbook, frame drums: are halal The interpolation of religious lyrics in a pop song is generally considered: blasphemous In Pop music; singing of a beloved homeland (see content tab), we learn that Islamic extremists banned rai claiming that: it embraced Western ways and featured sexually explicit lyrics Right after the Islamic revolution of 1979: Several Iranian singers left the country since music was banned Sherry Bijan and 3P (see their related music videos on the content tab), contemporary Iranian female singers, dont show their faces on their music videos because: if caught, they may be sentenced Iranian rap is: thriving but mostly underground Amr Diab is a singer of: shababi The song Albi ikhtarak: has similarities w/ Santanas smooth and has Latin/Spanish influences Tamally maak: is a shababi song and features a guitar The lyrics of Is salamu alaykum are more poetic that those of Tamally maak true or false false The Egyptian authorities frowned upon Hakim because of his use of the expression is-salamu alaykum shabi songs are upbeat and feature memorable choruses and have their roots in folk music Shabi emerged in the 1970s because the times were prosperous. true of false false Shabi emerged in the 1970s at a time when the Egyptians were looking for an alternative sound to that of Umm Kulthum and the old masters of tarab music. true of false true The sound of early shabi (listen to Ahmed Adawiyyas Bent El Sultan located on the content tab) sounds closer to classical Arab music with its use of a large firqa orchestra. true or false false Shabi music keeps the following musical elements of past musical traditions (tip: read textbook carefully; see close to the end of the chapter): iqa and maqam and call and response The lyrics of Hakims Il-kalam da kabir (textbook CD track 26) talk about a fathers agony in search of his lost son. true or false false Il-kalam da kabir (textbook CD track 26) features the ___________ iqa. saidi Contemporary shabi music (listen to Egypt 3 Cairo underground on the content tab): incorporates DJs and samples The shabi song Youll go to hell (listen to Egypt 3 Cairo underground on the content tab) targets singers who appear on sexually provocative music videos