Visitng Atlanta Capital of the New South

Visitng Atlanta Capital of the New South Atlanta Capital of the New South Hello Atlanta is the frontline of the New South, with the appeal and classiness of the old days. Home to over 5 million people in the world, it is a city that balances southern heritage with lustrous modernism. There are a lot of peach trees here and the tea is sweetened. This is one of the few cities which can claim to have three skylines and is home to the busiest airport in the world. This city has been destroyed and built up again; the terrors of war and agony of floods and droughts have all been seen by this city. Rebirth and survival, flows within the veins of Atlanta. Host to the 1996 Centennial Olympic Games, Atlanta, also is the birthplace of the greatest character in the civil rights movement. Capital city to the state of Georgia, Atlanta has become the persistent leader among American cities. Best Season to visit Atlanta May to August is the best time to visit Atlanta, when you can enjoy outdoor activities and concerts alike. You might also like the days of the spring and fall, if you want to avoid the warm summers. Winter trips are recommended if you want to save some money, as the hotel rates go down and the chilly weather keeps visitors away. Highlights (Special Things to Do in Atlanta) Let your imagination run wild with building blocks at the LEGOLANDÂ ® Discovery Center, located at the Phipps Plaza, Buckhead. Having one of the largest boxes of LEGOÂ ® bricks, kids will love spending the day here. Watch a Broadway play at the Alliance Theatre. This Tony Award Winner, provides a lovely platform for classical plays, musicals and dramas which are presented here much before they are made available at the Big Apple. Scream your lungs out as you take on the Goliath or the Scream Machine, both are gargantuan rides at Six Flags amusement park. At Emorys Michael C. Carlos Museum you can get close with mummies, of the ancient world. With permanent collections from all over the world and popular travelling exhibits on display, the history fanatic in you will be fascinated by everything from Egyptian mummies to Greek relics! Dance or watch a game at the Philips Arena, home to NBA and WNBA teams, the Atlanta Hawks and Dream, the arena rocks all through the year with the world’s best concerts when the games are not on. Take in the view at the Sun Dial Bar View, the only 360 degree rotating restaurant located 72 stories above the Peachtree Street. You can see everything from Georgia Tech to the Stone Mountain and of course, everything in between! Pay homage to the souls of great Atlantans at the Oakland Cemetery. The oldest cemetery here, is the final abode of over 70,000 souls, each accompanied by a fascinating tale to tell. Carry extra bags for all shopping you would end up doing at the Atlantic Station! Whether you are looking for a major retailer or a quirky local boutique, this is the place to be. Get a glimpse of the restored rooms of the Margaret Mitchell House, where the Gone With the Wind was written. You would even find the writer’s desk and original fixtures. Submerge yourself in surround sound, with the Grammy-winning Atlanta Symphony Orchestra and its cast of musicians are here to pamper you to a performance like you would have never seen. Get personal with dinosaurs at the Fernbank Museum of Natural History. Travel back in time among the Giants of the Mesozoic, some of them are over 120 feet in length! Open the doors of the Oval Office, at the Jimmy Carter Presidential Library Museum, you’ll find a replica of the Oval Office along with gifts that were given to him during his time in Whitehouse. Grab a bottle of wine, along with a picnic basket and hit Chastain Park Amphitheatre for a night you will never forget. Gigs at Chastain Park Amphitheatre offer a whole range of options for everyone, from blues and soul to rock and roll. Check out the Twin baby pandas! Mei Lun and Mei Huan, are the most sought after at the Atlanta Zoo. Wander around Piedmont Park, home to the Atlanta Botanical Garden and Lake Clara Meer. Whether you bring your pet for playtime or just a book to read on the grass, the Piedmont Park is a place which gives u lot of options. Hike through the treetops on Sky Hike or backpack to the top of the mountain for beautiful skyline vantage points. Click the world famous graffiti at the Krog Street Tunnel, is a favourite haunt for photographers and graffiti fans alike. Snorkel or SCUBA among the great whale sharks at the Georgia Aquarium. Hotspots of Atlanta You can check out these places if you are looking for the Atlanta tourist attractions: NE, Atlanta Fox Theatre: Returned back to its original golden look of the 1920s, the theatre features the Mighty Mo, a classic Moller organ, comprising of over 3,600 pipes. Currently hosting Broadway musicals and comedy shows this extravagant theatre also caters to dance companies. Atlanta Botanical Garden: Come into the magical serene world of the Atlanta Botanical Garden, where attractions like the Fuqua Orchid Center take the visitors through rare collections of beautiful orchids never found in nature in this region. Piedmont Park: Home to the Atlanta Botanical Gardens, this 185-acre park is popular with joggers and summer festivals are also held here. High Museum of Art: High Museum was the first museum to ever showcase art lent from Paris Louvre and is a lovely place to admire its architecture as well as its exhibits. Ebenezer Baptist Church: The campaign ground for King Jr. and his fore-fathers, all of whom were pastors here. This also is infamous for being the place where his mother was killed back in 1974. Downtown Georgia Aquarium: The sheer beauty of the worlds largest aquarium is hard to deny: beluga whales and whale sharks, theatre shows, where actors/trainers and intelligent bottlenose dolphins perform in tandem is a spectacle not to be missed. World of Coca-Cola: This museum would prove enjoyable to fans of the fizzy drink. The climax of the tour comes with guests sampling Coke products from all over the world. There is also Andy Warhol pieces to see, a 4-D film to watch, company history milestones, and what would look like over 20 billion promotional items. The Catholic Shrine of the Immaculate Conception: This second oldest building in Atlanta was designed by William H. Parkins, a local architect. Built in 1873 and still in use and has survived the devastating fire that gutted the city in 1864. Buckhead Atlanta History Center: Located on 33 acres in the centre of Buckhead, it is the perfect gateway to Georgia’s past, taking you through award-winning exhibits; Centennial Olympic Games Museum; historic households, including 1928 Swan House and 1860s Smith Family Farm; 22 acres of beautiful gardens and trails; and the Kenan Research Center. Grant Park Oakland Cemetery: Step back in time in at the Oakland Cemetery. This heritage park is the final abode for many Civil War soldiers, the golfing exponent Bobby Jones, and the author of Gone with the Wind, Margaret Mitchell. Poncey – Highland Jimmy Carter Library Museum: The Carter Presidential Library and Museum is an out of this world museum tracking the life and works of President Jimmy Carter, from the time he was a kid in the Plains to the work Mrs. Carter and he do all over the world to promote peace and health. Sitting on a hilltop, it exhibits highlights of Jimmy Carters life during the 1977–81 presidency; The Oval Office replica is a must see. Carters Nobel Prize is also displayed here. And the serene Japanese garden in the back is not to be missed either. Old Fourth Ward Martin Luther King Jr. National Historic Site: A key attraction, the park draws over 500,000 visitors annually. Explore the house where the leader of the America Civil Rights movement was born, the church where he preached and the memorial site where he is buried. Shopping in Atlanta Atlanta shopping is spread-out all over the city, from antique and outlet centres to boutiques and art galleries. Head to Buckhead for the luxury shopping, you will find all major brands at the Phipps Plaza and Lenox Square Mall. Come across the most happening boutiques in the shopping districts around Virginia Highland and Midtown; for funky vintage items head to Little Five Points. Westside is the place to go to for home goods. Decatur Square – Considered one of the most pedestrian friendly locales, you can randomly walk around the wide spread of shops here. If you need rest between your jaunts, sip a coffee or grab a beer or a cocktail. This place is so versatile that you might as well pick up a book and soak in the sun. Atlantic Station – You might need to carry an extra suitcase for all of the things you would end up picking up here. This spread-out outdoor shopping haven is a place for some serious retail therapy. American Girl Boutique and Bistro – The ultimate daughter’s day out. A doll-shopping heaven, you could find the perfect doll, pick a matching outfit, have a tea party and even let your doll enjoy a day at the salon! Sweet Auburn Curb Market – For local farm produce or meats, also exclusive eateries serving you soul food and gourmet hot dogs or just the good old ice cream, look no more than this farmer’s market with a urban twist. Little Five Points – A place where you can pull off those skinny jeans and flannel shirt, head here for bar hopping and vibrant live performances. Vintage boutique shopping is a must here. How to reach Atlanta By Plane: The Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport, is located about 8 miles south of the city. The worlds busiest airport, its efficient layout makes it easy to navigate and keeps delays to a minimum. All major cities across all continents are connected from here. By Train: Served by the Amtrak, the Crescent train runs daily and serves most major cities on the eastern belt. Located at 1688 Peachtree St. N.W., The Atlanta Amtrak Station is to the north of city. By Bus: Greyhound Bus Lines provides bus service to Atlanta from many locations throughout the country. The Greyhound terminal at 232 Forsyth Street, located directly below MARTAs Garnett Station. Other bus services such as megabus.com and Bus Bank offer charters buses and can help plan a tour for you or your group. By Car: The Interstate Highway System links Atlanta to the rest of the country. So driving down to the city is a very feasible option. The main interstate highways crossing Atlanta are I-75 (Detroit to Florida), I-85 (Mid-Atlantic to New Orleans) and I-20 (Texas to South Carolina). How to get around in Atlanta By Foot: Touring the city by foot is one of the best ways to see Atlanta. Most neighbourhoods are easy to walk around, with bars, restaurants, and shops being in close vicinity. In particular, walking times would not exceed 10–20 minutes, however buses and trains are recommended for longer jaunts. By Transit: MARTA (Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority) operates both rapid rail and bus networks in the city of Atlanta and the neighbouring counties, Fulton and Dekalb. Comprising of four lines: Red, Gold, Blue, and Green; where the Red and Gold lines run north-south, while the Blue and Green lines run east-west, meeting at the Five Points Station. With over one hundred different bus routes, Bus service runs from 5AM until 1:30AM Monday-Friday and on the weekends or holidays they run all day. By Taxi: Booking taxis is recommended, however it is possible to flag taxicabs down near tourist locations and watering holes in Downtown and Midtown. 24-Hour Taxicab Services: Checker Cab Atlanta Royal Cabbies Fixed rates are available for Airport runs, insist on it even if the cabbie denies knowledge of the same. By Car: All major car rental service is available around Atlanta. Cars are considered the most efficient way to move around the city in case you have to visit a lot of places. However do look out for peak hour traffic. Top areas in Atlanta Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport If you are a business traveller and prefer to be located close to the busiest airport in the world, then the area around the Hartsfield-Jackson has a lot of hotel options to spend a night or more. You can find midrange to budget hotels to suit your needs. Midtown – The second largest business district in Atlanta, situated between Downtown and Buckhead, Attracts over six million visitors every year. Marked for its cultural attractions, institutions of higher education, Midtown is also noteworthy for its architecture, and urban layout. Atlanta Hotels in Midtown are mostly high-end. Pine Hills – Located to the east of Buckhead, the region is abundant of plant life. Its tall trees, such as the pine, oak and maple are home to a wide variety of animals such as chipmunks, squirrels and a variety of birds. Quite a few mid-range hotels can be found here. Sandy Springs – Even though Sandy Springs is a separate area it extends into the city limits. Most of this region is affluent and is very scenic, with mansions on single-lane roads. You can find cheap Atlanta accommodation deals in this location. Buckhead – Known for its nightlife, Buckhead Village has transferred into Buckhead Atlanta, with plenty of shopping options with Phipps Plaza and Lenox Square near here. Buckhead even has its own skyline of high-rise apartments/condominiums and office buildings. You will also find hotels across the range in this area.

Appreciation of Microsoft Office 2007

APPRECIATION OF THE MICROSOFT OFFICE 2007 Introduction In the early productions of the Microsoft Office applications, users utilized a scheme of toolbars, menus, and task panes to get their work completed. The prior Microsoft Office applications worked fine when the applications had a small amount of commands. Now that the programs have been so much more revolutionized, the older features do not work as well. Microsoft Office wanted to create a more orderly computer unit that limits disruption. The reason for that was so that Microsoft Office users would commit more time focused on their work. Microsoft knowing that they wanted to make this possible developed a domino effect approach that would make it much easier to generate great results using the Microsoft office applications and that gave rise to Microsoft Office 2007. Microsoft Office 2007 Microsoft Office 2007is one of the sets of desktop applications and servers as an office suite, and is a new system recently launched by Microsoft Company. The office 20007 contains a number of new features, the most notable of which is the entirely new graphic new interface called the fluent user interface. It went in place of the menus as well as toolbars that have been the cornerstone of office since its inception with a tabbed toolbar, known as the ribbon. As a matter of fact, Microsoft Office has made enormous improvements to enhance its features. One of the new main features is the ribbon, this feature consists commands organized into a set of tabs. These tabs make things easier when it comes to using the application features because they categorize the commands in a way that communicates straight to the daily tasks people perform in these applications. Another main new feature is the Microsoft office button. This button is new and efficient because on the older versions of Microsoft you had to find the tab that said file and search for what commands you wanted. With this new Microsoft button at the click of a button everything you want to accomplish is right there for you, no searching necessary. Two other new features is the gallery and Contextual tabs. The gallery consists of spreadsheets, presentations, documents, or Access databases. In an attempt to appreciate the introduction of Microsoft Office 2007 to me as a user, comparisons will be used between Office 2007 and other Offices before it- Microsoft Office 2003, 2000, 1997 e. . c. most suites or programs of Microsoft Office 2007 allow users to evaluate the product. The trial version of 2007 Microsoft Office system can be installed by using a 25-character trial product key available from Microsoft while you download the free office software and you can use the Microsoft office 2007 programs with full functionality for 60 days. The c omparisons will be made in respective of their set of applications such as the Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Outlook, Microsoft project, Microsoft Power Point, and Microsoft Access. Microsoft Office 2007 vs. Microsoft Office 2003 Firstly, the Office 2007 and Office 2003 will be compared on the basis of Microsoft Office Word. When comparing Microsoft Office Word 2003 and 2007, there are barely many differences between these two applications. The traditional Microsoft Office Word 2003 has a very basic look which is similar to Microsoft Office Word 2000, which a little bit of color changes. There are some major improvements in the Microsoft Office Word 2007 in terms of how the interface’s appears. Word 2007 is now having more colorful interface, and it reorganizes all the little applications. This takes a while for users to get use to it. Another major change is that Microsoft Office Word 2007 now supports a new document format known as DOCX. However, users can still save in DOC. Format, which will allow the old software to open the documents. Other good features such as live preview, which users can preview the section of the document when picking up a new font for the documents. Other little new features are ribbon, quick access tool bar, title bar, application close button, maximize/ restore button, minimize button. It seems Microsoft Word's improvements are apparently endless. For example, from the toolbars located at the top of the Microsoft Office Word window to the professional business templates for documents such as, resumes, and memos. Ms Office PowerPoint 2007 and Ms Office PowerPoint 2003 Microsoft Office Power point 2003 and Microsoft Office Power point 2007 do not have any major difference. The difference is mostly in templates. Users can relatively have more choices of templates in PowerPoint 2007 than PowerPoint 2003, and it also has more effects for the templates. In Office PowerPoint 2007, tabs are designed to be task-oriented, and groups within each tab break a task into subtasks. Command buttons in each group carry out a command or display a menu of commands. In 2007, Users can also temporarily hide the Ribbon. However, the Microsoft button function is the same as the Microsoft Office word 2007, so as the mini tool bar will appear when working the slides. Tabs will only appears when the users need it them. Also the users can put commands and customize the toolbars. Despite more shapes and more research tool has been implemented into the new 2007, users can also design elements with galleries. Microsoft Office Excel 2007 and Microsoft Office Excel 2003 Microsoft Office Excel is a powerful and widely used tool that helps people analyze information to make more informed decisions. Using Microsoft Office Excel 2007 and Excel services, one can have an opportunity to share and manage oneself analysis and insight with co-workers, and partners with grater confidence. Similar to Microsoft Office Word and Microsoft Office Power point, Microsoft Office Excel 2003 and 2007 have very similar functions. In Microsoft Office Excel 2003, Enhancements have been made to the list functionality, which make lists easier to use. It also added automatic filter and border. When users want to create a list, they just simply highlight the data, and then select Data ; List ; Create List. When users click into the list, they will see the new List toolbar, which will help the users to work with the list. Users can toggle the total row on/off, and use the dropdown menu of functions to choose from in the total row, such as Average, Count, Sum, etc. | | | | Whilst Microsoft office Excel 2007 also has a different ribbon compare to Excel 2003. There are seven tabs across the top which represent all the core tasks you do in Excel. All the related items have been group together under each tab for convenience of the users. Number three is the command button. It is a box to enter information or a menu. Conclusion Office 2007 may not be right for you, but there is no arguing the fact that it is a huge improvement over previous versions of Microsoft office. This may not hold true for the user interface, but that is simply a matter of preference. I, for one, could not be more satisfied with any of Microsoft's products. The changes to the user interface are exactly what I wanted to see. I have always been annoyed with the old menu system and having to navigate through it all only to encounter an enormous dialog box that you have to wade through. The new system is so much more smooth and flowing, and it exposes everything so that there is no navigation or searching required. It is all right there at the click of your mouse. So, the opinion is, Office 2007 is good for users who can put forth enough effort to get used to the user interface, but bad for those who prefer the traditional menus. I would encourage you to at least give it a try on computers that have it before deciding to buy it or not. If this isn't possible, you can download a 30-day trial version from Microsoft's website. Chances are that if Office 2007 isn't for you, you already know it. The only catch is, if you want to take advantage of all the new features, the ribbon comes with it. No matter what you choose, I hope that you can benefit from and enjoy your choice as much as I enjoy Office 2007. References: Bonfield, B. and Quinn, L. S. Microsoft Office vs. Open Office. Accessed from; http://www. idealware. org/ [Date accessed: 04. 04. 10].

Organisational Structures And Cultures Within The Uk Commerce Essay

This instance survey is about Mr Smith ‘s eating house. Mr Smith is a alien who has lived in the UK for many old ages. His household in Africa operates a concatenation of eating houses across the continent and he is hence familiar with this sort of concern. At present the Smith Restaurant has a cardinal location in London, near to many attractive forces and is easy accessible by public conveyance. His eating house is a little household concern – he is the laminitis, proprietor and besides the Managing Director. Although he has two Assistant Directors and three Supervisors, he has a direct control over direction and operational issues such as hiring of staff, selling, gross revenues publicity, accounting and finance section. The eating house has fifty employees largely made up of international pupils who work portion clip. These pupils are attracted by the flexible on the job conditions that Mr Smith offers. This allows them to work portion clip during term clip and full clip during holiday. Recently the eating house has seen a large addition in its clients due to the popularity of its European and International culinary arts. These factors have convinced Mr Smith of the wisdom of opening similar eating houses throughout the UK. Mr Smith is the 1 who makes all determinations and he has a direct control over direction and other operational issues. The current issue at the eating house is that Mr Smith is loath to enroll new staff and to get by with the increased activity in the eating house he has reduced staff tiffin clip. Some staff felt that these alterations should non hold been introduced without their consent. When one employee complained about the state of affairs, he was sacked. The remainder of the employees are unhappy but they are afraid to voice their concerns for fright of fring their occupations. Harmonizing to Mr Smith, he pays his employees really good and hence they will be happy with his determinations ; his determinations are non for argument ; directors should do the determinations and subsidiaries must obey. He does non believe in confer withing staff when he has to do of import determinations. As a consequence, a feeling of weakness, disaffection, and fright have developed amongst staff. The recent alterations in employees ‘ working conditions have increased the degrees of absenteeism and lateness. Mr Smith is now really concerned that if such tendencies continue, the eating house may non be able to get by with the increased client demand. Bing one of the longest helping employees, Mr Smith asked me to see the above issues and rede him in visible radiation of the enlargement and recent developments of the concern. My undertaking is to rede him on the followerss within the concatenation of new eating houses. Organizational constructions and civilizations ; Approachs to direction and leading manners ; Motivational theories and their application ; Group behavior, teamwork and engineering Organizational construction creates a model of order and bid through which the activities of the administration can be planned, organised, controlled, and directed towards the ends and aims of the administration. The construction defines undertakings and duties, functions, relationships and communicating. Within the UK, most eating houses have entrepreneurial, functional and geographical constructions. 1. Entrepreneurial Structure: This construction is appropriate for little proprietor managed companies, for illustrations: a little eating house, a small-scale industrial unit, or a little proprietary concern. 2. Functional Structure: This is the most normally used footing for grouping activities harmonizing to specialization that is organizing the concern harmonizing to what each section does. Specialised accomplishments and deputation of authorization to directors are needed to look after different functional countries. 3. Geographic construction: Activities are grouped harmonizing to location. Different services are provided by geographical boundaries harmonizing to peculiar demands and demands, the convenience of consumers, or for easiness of disposal.Advantages and disadvantages of organizational constructionsOrganizational constructionAdvantageDisadvantageEntrepreneurialQuick decision-making Excessive trust on the owner-managerFunctionalSpecialization Accountability Clarity Closed communicating could take to miss of focal point. Departments can go immune to alter. Coordination may take excessively long. Gap between top and underside.GeographicServe local demands better. Positive competition. More effectual communicating between house and local clients. Conflict between local and cardinal direction. Duplicate of resources and maps.The UK eating houses may hold hierarchal, tall or level constructionHierarchical construction: Refers to Authority: the right to exert powers such as hiring and fire or purchasing and merchandising on behalf of the administration Duty: the allotment of undertakings to persons and groups within the administration Accountability: the demand for persons to explicate and warrant any failure to carry through their duties to their higher-ups in the hierarchyTall and level hierarchal constructions:In the tall construction there are narrower spans of control and more degrees of bid – that is many managerial degrees and fewer staff. In the level construction there are broader spans of control and few degrees of bid – that is few managerial degrees and many staff. For illustration, the McDonald ‘s eating houses all have a level construction. The director in each topographic point of concern controls the other helpers and employees. He takes all the determinations and he is in charge of the chief maps like, R & A ; D, selling, finance and human resources and the other staff do the merchandising.Advantages of tall and level constructionsTall constructionFlat constructionManager can anticipate rapid publicity. With a little span of control, a director is able to give significant periods of clip to each subsidiary. Closer contact between directors and junior workers A broad span of control encourages deputation and motive through occupation enrichment Lower direction operating expense costs Horizontal and sidelong communicating is encouraged Promotions are existent and meaningful Closer contact between top direction and lower degreesTall constructionNarrow spans of controlFlat constructionBroad span of controlOrganizational civilizationsCharles Handy defined it as: ‘The manner things are done around here ‘Every concern is made up of different civilizations, and the civilizations that are present within the concern depend on the direction manners and organizational constructions that are used. Handy ‘s four types of civilizations are: Power civilization: Best suited for little entrepreneurial administrations and relies on trust, empathy and personal communicating for its effectivity. Role civilization: Emphasizes on power and place within the administration. This type of civilization applies when administrations are large and inflexible. Task civilization: Job-oriented or project-oriented. This works good in a matrix administration construction. Person civilization: Works about educated persons. Examples are groups of barristers, designers, physicians or advisers. Looking at Handy ‘s four chief types of administration civilizations it can be seen that most of the UK eating houses follow the power civilization.Organizational construction and civilization of Mr Smith ‘s eating houseAfter analyzing Mr Smith ‘s instance survey and the latest issues, it is clear that his eating house is following an entrepreneurial and hierarchal construction, and a power civilization since it is a household owned concern where there is inordinate trust is on the owner-manager ; Mr Smith has authorization, duty and answerability within the administration. The distribution of undertakings, the definition of authorization and duty, and the relationship between members of the administration are established on a personal and informal footing. Therefore I am convinced that the direction manner, organizational construction and civilization are act uponing employees ‘ behavior within administration. However, with Mr Smith ‘s program to spread out and develop new eating houses across the UK, there is demand for a formal organizational construction and civilization, which has to be carefully designed, so as to avoid struggle and promote the willing engagement of staff for effectual organizational public presentation. I believe that Mr Smith concern should hold a level structured along functional lines with major countries including, Gross saless and Marketing, Human Resources, Accounting and Finance, and Buying Departments. With a level construction the concern will hold: A broad span of control encouraging deputation and motive through occupation enrichment. Lower direction operating expense costs. Better communications as horizontal and sidelong communicating is encouraged. Real and meaningful publicities. Closer contact between top direction and lower degreesFactors that may act upon single behavior of Mr Smith ‘s employeesThe person: The person is a cardinal characteristic of organizational behavior. When the demands of the person and the demands of the administration are incompatible, this can ensue in defeat and struggle. Then it the work of the direction to incorporate the person and the administration and to supply a working environment where person ‘s demands is satisfied every bit good as administration ends are achieved. The group: Group exists in all administrations and are indispensable to their working and public presentation. Peoples in groups influence each other in many ways and groups may develop their ain hierarchies and leaders. Group pressures can hold a major influence over the behavior and public presentation of single members. The administration: Individual behavior is affected by forms of administration construction, engineering, manners of leading and systems of direction through which organizational processors are planned, directed and controlled. Therefore, the focal point of attending is on the impact of administration construction and design, and forms of direction, on the behavior of people within the administration.Undertaking 2:How organizational theory underpins rules and patterns of direction, how this would impact on the new eating houses?The survey of direction theory ( besides termed direction thought ) and its application in administrations brings alterations in behavior. It helps to understand the rules underlying the procedure on direction. It helps to understand the interrelatedness between direction theory, rules and patterns of direction, and behavior in administrations. Directors learned about how they should act. This will act upon their attitudes towards direction pattern. The differ ent attacks to direction theory are: Classical attack ; scientific direction ; Bureaucracy ; Human dealingss attack ; Systems attack ; and Contingency attack. These assorted attacks underpin the common rules of direction that administrations should pattern in their concern, which mean they are based on positions of administrations, their intent and duties, construction, division of work, hierarchy of direction, proficient demands, regulations and ordinances and behavior.Fayol 14 Principles of Management:Division of work: Specialization increases end product as employees become more efficient. Authority: Gives directors the right to give orders. Discipline: Employees must conform to esteem the regulations that govern the administration and the usage of punishments for interrupting the regulations. Integrity of bid: Merely one higher-up should give orders to employees. Integrity of way: Organizational activities holding the similar aim should be directed by one director utilizing one program. Subordination of single involvements to general involvement: The administration involvement should rule employees ‘ or group involvements. Wage: A just pay for workers and their services. Centralization: The grade to which subordinates participate in decision-making. Scalar concatenation: Communicationss should follow this concatenation. Order. Peoples and stuffs should be in the right topographic point at the right clip. Equity. Directors should be sort and carnival to their subsidiaries. Stability of term of office. High employee turnover is inefficient. Management should supply orderly forces planning and guarantee that replacings are available to make full vacancies. Initiative. Employees who are allowed to arise and transport out programs will exercise high degrees of attempt. Esprit de corps. Promoting squad spirit will construct harmoniousness and integrity within the administration. Suggestion: Mr Smith should follow these rules of direction. Directors will hold to execute these five maps ( by H Fayol ) : Plan and prognosis ; organise ; bid ; co-ordinate ; and command.The different attacks to direction theoryClassical attack:Emphasis on intent ; Formal construction ; Division of work ; Hierarchy of direction ; Technical demands ; Common rules of administration. Scientific direction and Bureaucracy are the two sub-grouping of the classical attack. Scientific direction – F.W Taylor ( 1911 ) : Scientific choice and preparation of workers ; Development of a true scientific discipline for each component of an person ‘s work ; Co-operation with the employees to guarantee work is done as set ; Division of work and duty between direction and the employees ; Improve production efficiency through work surveies, tools, economic inducements. Bureaucracy – Max Weber ( 1947 ) : Formal hierarchal construction ; Administration by functional forte ; Rules and ordinance ; Impersonality ; Employment based on proficient makings.Human dealingss attack:Elton Mayo and the Hawthorne Studies ( 1933 ) discovered that the informal administration, societal norms, credence, and sentiments of the group determined single work behavior. Maslow, McGregor, Herzberg, and many others stressed the importance of societal dealingss in administrations, understanding workers and directors as human existences with societal and emotional demands. Systems attack: Administrations are unfastened systems that invariably interact with the external environment: Inputs ( resources and information ) transmutation procedure end products ( merchandises, services, information ) feedback Contingency attack: Contingency theory does non place or urge any peculiar attack to administration and direction. Appropriate direction attack depends on situational factors faced by an administration. Suggestion: After comparing the above managerial attacks I believe that the classical attack will outdo suit Mr Smith eating houses. The classical attack Centres on understanding the intent of an administration and so analyzing its construction. They play accent on the planning of work, proficient demands, principal of direction and behavior. Attention is given to the division of work, responsibilities, duties, keeping specialization and co-ordination, hierarchy of direction and formal organizational relationships.Undertaking 3:Different leading manners and their effectivityDefinition: Leadership in an administration is to take employees to work in a given way to accomplish its ends and aims.The three manners of leading are:LeadershipDemocratic LeadershipAutocratic LeadershipLaisser-faire LeadershipAutocratic leading: All authorization is centred on the leader and determinations are enforced by agencies of wagess and the fright of penalty. Communication is one-way, from the leader to the followings. Advantage: Quick decision-making. Disadvantage: Its consequence upon group morale ; creates struggle. Democratic leading: In contrast, democratic takes into history the suggestions of the members and of the leader. It is a human dealingss attack, in which all members of the group can take part and lend to better the quality of the concluding determination. Advantages: Increased morale and support for better determinations through shared thoughts among group members. Disadvantages: Slower decision-making and diluted answerability for determinations. Individualistic leading: The leader exercises really small control over group members. A member is given a end and largely left entirely to make up one's mind how to accomplish it. The leader maps chiefly as a group member, supplying merely every bit much advice and way as is requested. Advantage: Opportunity for single development offered to group members. All individuals are given the opportunity to show themselves and to work comparatively independently. Disadvantage: Lack of group coherence and integrity toward organizational aims. Without a leader, the group may hold small way and deficiency of control. The consequence can be inefficiency or even worse, pandemonium. Suggestion: Mr Smith is using an important leading in his first eating house because his concern is little. But now that he wants to spread out his concern he has to follow a different manner of leading. I would propose that he has to follow the democratic leading within his new eating house. This is because the democratic manner is a human relation attack in which all staff participates and contributes in the decision-making. This will forestall struggle between staff.Different motivational theories and their applicationDefinition: Motivation can be described as the way and continuity of action. It is concerned with why people choose a peculiar class of action in penchant to others. The intent of motivational theories is to foretell behavior. The difference theories of motive are:MotivationContent Theory ( nonsubjective )Procedure Theory ( subjective )HerzbergAdamsHandyVroomMcGregor Theory X & A ; YMaslowMcClellandMaslow ‘s hierarchy of demandsChallenging occupation ; accompli shment in work Job rubric ; high position occupation Friendship at work Safe status at work Pay ; pleasant working status The hierarchy of demands are shown as a series of stairss in the signifier of a pyramid ; it implies a thinning out demands as people progress up the hierarchy. Based on Maslow ‘s theory, one time the lower-level demands have been satisfied ( physiological and safety demands ) people advanced up the hierarchy. Therefore to supply motive for a alteration in behavior, the director must direct attending to the following degree of demands ( love or societal demands ) that seek satisfaction.McGregor – Theory X & A ; YTheory X premises:– Peoples inherently dislike work.– People must be supervised to make work to accomplish aims. – People prefer to be directed.Theory Y premises:-People position work every bit being every bit natural as drama and remainder. -People will exert autonomy and self-denial towards accomplishing aims they are committed to. -People learn to accept and seek duty.Herzberg ‘s Two-factor theoryIncentives – Intrinsic factors: Factors increase occupation satisfaction Hygiene factors – Extrinsic factors: whose absence can make occupation dissatisfaction Accomplishment Supervision Recognition Company policy Work itself Working conditions Duty Salary Promotion Peer relationship Growth SecurityMcClelland theory:Need for accomplishment: Personal duty Feedback Moderate hazard Need for power: Influence Competitive Need for association: Credence and friendly relationship Concerted Suggestion: Mr Smith does non depute ; does non give employees duties ; employees are non considered portion of the group ; they feel insecure in the employment ; they can non voice their sentiments ; he imposes his regulations and ordinances on employees. In add-on he has reduced employees ‘ lunch-time. Here Mr Smith is utilizing McGregor ‘s Theory X ; employees are unhappy and de-motivated to work as their lunch-time has been reduced but their rewards have non increased. Therefore, since he wants to spread out his concern throughout UK, I will urge the Maslow ‘s hierarchy of demands theory to Mr Smith. Directors will hold to supply motive for a alteration in behavior by fulfilling the lower-level demands so that the employees ‘ basic wage, safe working conditions ( demand to remain alive, have nutrient, shelter ) and occupation security, periphery benefits, protection against unemployment, unwellness are satisfied. This will promote the willing engagement of employees for effectual organizational public presentation.The relationship between motivational theory and the pattern of directionThe intent of motivational theories is to foretell behavior ; and behaviour of people in administrations depends on patterns of direction. If directors practise Fayol ‘s 14 rules of direction, so employees at all degrees are motivated to work. Peoples by and large respond in the mode in which they are treated. Therefore, to command human behaviour a heavy duty is placed on directors and the activity of direction, where attending must besides be given to allow systems of motive, occupation satisfaction and wagess. Consequently, Mr Smith must understand how good direction patterns will actuate staff to work. Directors should be after and calculate, organize, bid, co-ordinate, and command suitably in an effort to fulfill employees ‘ demands so that they are motivated to work. This will make an organizational clime in which employees can work volitionally and efficaciously to accomplish the ends of the administration. Directors should acquire the best public presentation from employees to pull more clients. Directors should use this policy: The demands, wants and rights of employees to be treated reasonably and with self-respect.Undertaking 4:Nature of groups and group behavior within administrationsâ€Å" A group comprises two or more persons who interact in the corporate chase of a common end. They portion values and ends, are involved in regular activities together, and place themselves as members of the group and are identified as such by others † . ( From talk notes – AJ ) . Another utile manner of specifying group is a aggregation of people who portion most, if non all, of the undermentioned features: A definable rank ; Group consciousness ; A sense of shared intent ; Mutuality ; Interaction ; Ability to move in a unitary mode. Formal groups ( official groups ) : Created to transport out specific undertakings set up by the administration to finish assigned undertakings. Formal groups may be divided into two classs: Functional groups: Consist of changing size of work units, with a director and subsidiaries who are responsible for a scope of responsibilities and maps within the administration, for illustration: the finance section, the wages subdivision and the grosss subdivision. Undertaking groups: Created for the despatch of specific concern or operations, such as a undertaking squad, direction squad or co-ordinating commission. Informal groups ( unofficial groups ) : Created by the single members for the intent of sharing a common involvement. Importance of informal groups: The spread of information through informal webs – the pipeline – is frequently much faster and more influential than through formal groups. There is the possible for struggle between functions held in formal and informal groups peculiarly in regard of leading, where the informal leader may non be the same individual as the formal leader. Two informal groups: Interest groups: develop around the shared chase of a specific end by certain employees, which may or may non be related to the administration. Friendship groups: Persons fall ining together for assorted societal activities The factors act uponing Group Behaviour: Cole ( 1996 ) Size of the group Leadership and direction manner Group coherence Motivation of group members Norms of groups Group/team functions The work environment The group undertakingFactors taking to effectual teamwork within the new concernPeters and Waterman defines five factors for effectual teamwork: The Numberss should be little: each member will so stand for the involvement of his or her section. The squad should be of limited continuance: Exist merely to decide a peculiar undertaking. Membership should be voluntary. Communication should be informal and unstructured. It should be action-oriented. The squad should complete with a program for action.The influences that threaten success of teamworkThe squad does non work around the undependable people. A smaller group of people does most of the work and a larger group pretends to assist. Sometimes team members do non work good together and may work against each other. This may ensue dysfunctional squads, caused by: – Lack of trust is the most common job afflicting squads ; – Lack of squad coherence – Lack of a clearly defined intentImpact of engineering on squad operationTechnology: Technologies such as electronic mail, nomadic phones, blackberry, groupware and computing machines can better and in some instances delay squad operation. To be able to work efficaciously, squads must be kept up-to-date with cognition as engineering alterations. Communication: Successful squads communicate successfully by electronic mail, nomadic phone, phone engineerings such as blackberry and 3G informations cards and 3GB USB dongles, groupware and personal computing machines. Change: Successful squads can successfully bring-up alteration. Teams will go less effectual and efficient if they do non react to altering internal and external factors. In contrast, antiphonal squads are more effectual, efficient and, are able to lift to the challenges of the modern concern universe. Networks and practical squads: In the modern connected universe, it is easier for squads to pass on and web. It is possible to make practical squads which ne'er ( or seldom ) meet in physical locations and utilize a scope of web tools to pass on and join forces.Global and cross-cultural squadsUndertaking 5:Schemes for the eating houses stakeholder ‘s demandsEmployees:Mr has to follow HR patterns to guarantee that the administration is able to accomplish success through people. Staffing the administration: Sufficient Numberss of the right people in the right topographic point, at the right clip, and at the right cost for the administration. Reward and acknowledgment: Creating structures that maximise enlisting, keeping and motive ; obtaining the best public presentation from the people available. Performance betterment throughout the administration, for single, squad and organizational effectivity Pull offing behaviour – guaranting that persons are encouraged to act in a manner that allows and Fosters better working relationships.Customers:Mr Smith and his country directors should supervise the changing demands and outlooks of its clients, and the quality of service they require.Decision and recommendations1. With Mr Smith ‘s program to spread out and develop new eating houses across the UK, there is demand for a formal organizational construction and civilization, which has to be carefully designed to promote the willing engagement of staff for effectual organizational public presentation. 2. Mr Smith should follow the rules of direction – directors will hold to execute these five maps ( by H Fayol ) ; program and prognosis ; organise ; bid ; co-ordinate ; and command. 3. The classical attack will accommodate his concern as it plays accent on the planning of work, proficient demands, rule of direction and behavior. 4. Alongside he has to follow the democratic leading in which all members of the group can take part and lend to better the quality of the concluding determination. 5. Area directors will hold to supply motive for a alteration in behavior by fulfilling the employees ‘ demands through wagess.MentionWeb sites:1. hypertext transfer protocol: //ezinearticles.com/ ? id=1269812 2.http: //choo.fis.utoronto.ca/FIS/courses/LIS1230/LIS1230sharma/history6.htm ( Maslow ‘s hierarchy of demands ) 3. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hnc-business.co.uk/unit3.htmlModule Tutor Lecture notes and electronic mails:Dhlamini S. , 2009. Administrations and Behaviour ( unit 3 ) H1, HND in Business. London: Guildhall College

Funk Art Movement, From Ceramics to Found Objects

By the middle of the 1950s, abstract expressionism had held sway in the art world for a full decade, and there existed certain artists who felt the adulation had gone on for roughly nine years too long. In an uncoordinated artistic rebellion, a number of new movements began to gain traction. The one characteristic these movements had in common was shunning the abstract in favor of the tangible. From this, the delightfully-named Funk Art movement was born. Origins of the Funk Art  Name The romantic version of Funk Arts etymology says it came from jazz music, where funky was a term of approbation. Jazz is also perceived as unrefined and -- especially with late 50s free jazz -- unorthodox. This fits neatly, for Funk Art was nothing if not unrefined and unorthodox. However, it is probably closer to the truth to say that Funk Art came from the original, negative meaning of funk: a powerful stench, or an assault on ones senses. Whichever version you believe, the baptism occurred in 1967, when UC Berkeley Art History professor and Founding Director of the Berkeley Art Museum, Peter Selz, curated the Funk exhibition. Where Funk Art Was Created The movement got its start in the San Francisco Bay area, specifically at the University of California, Davis. In fact, many of the artists who participated in Funk Art were on the studio art faculty. Funk Art never outgrew being a regional movement, which is just as well. The Bay Area, the epicenter of the underground, was probably the one place in which it could have thrived, let alone survived. How Long the Movement Lasted Funk Arts heyday was in the mid- to late-1960s. Naturally, its beginnings were much earlier; the (very) late-1950s seem to be the point of origin. By the end of the 1970s, things were pretty much over as far as artistic movements go. To include all possibilities, it can be said Funk Art was produced for no more than two decades -- and 15 years would be more realistic. It was fun while it lasted, but Funk did not have a long life. The Key Characteristics of Funk Art Found and everyday objectsAutobiographical subjects(Frequently inappropriate) humorAudience engagementElevation of ceramics Historic Precedent Funk was preceded by another Bay Area art movement known as Beat Era Funk or Funk Assemblage. Its attitude was more surrealistic than funky, but it did add a few notes to Funk. Despite also being regional, Beat Era Funk never garnered much popularity. In terms of humor and subject matter, Funk Arts lineage goes straight back to Dada, while its aspects of collage and assemblage hearken to Pablo Picassos and Georges Braques Synthetic Cubism. Artists Associated with Funk Art Robert ArnesonWallace BermanBruce ConnerRoy De ForestJay DeFeoViola FreyDavid GilhoolyWally HedrickRobert H. HudsonJessEd KienholzManuel NeriGladys NilssonJim NuttPeter SaulRichard ShawWilliam T. Wiley Sources Albright, Thomas. Art in the San Francisco Bay Area: 1945 to 1980, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985.Nelson, A. G. You (exh. cat.),  Davis: University of California Press, 2007.See: The Early Years of the UC Davis Studio Art FacultyOral history interview with Bruce Nauman, 1980 May 27-30,  Archives of American Art, Smithsonian InstitutionOral history interview with Roy De Forest, 2004 Apr. 7-June 30,  Archives of American Art, Smithsonian InstitutionSelz, Peter. Funk (exh. cat.).  Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967.Tinti, Mary M. Funk Art,  Grove Art Online, accessed 25 Apr. 2012.